When reading online comics or webcomics such as manhua and manhwa. And also reading Chinese and Korean fantasy novels in websites or blogs. Usually In the martial art (wuxia) and xianxia novels and manhua / manhwa. We often see terms called wulin, jianghu, murim and even gangho. What is the meaning and difference of the four terms mentioned ?. Here we go...
Murim and wulin
Actually
murim / moorim [무림] and
wulin are the same terms. Using two different languages. The word murim in Korean is taken from the Chinese word wulin [武林] (fighter / martial, forest). The two words murim and wulin in the world of novels and manhua or manhwa are closely related to the world of martial arts. Namely the entire organization or association of people involved in the martial world.
Usually martial arts master in murim world able to fight, protect himself and others from threat and danger. Different from ordinary people (low class society) who are generally farmers and workers. Or even educated people (scholars) who usually sit in the government, empire, and organize politics in the government.
The people in murim or wulin are closely related to warriors, fighters, soldiers who maintain peace and survival in the world of martial arts. They form sects, martial art schools, clans, and other groups that organize and regulate security in a certain region. With the permission of the ruler, for example the government and the empire.
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Jianghu and Gangho
Jianghu and
gangho [갱 호] are also similar terms. Used in different languages. Where gangho in Korean is taken from the word jianghu [江湖] in Chinese. Which means the rivers and lakes.
In terms of novels, manhua or even manhwa. Gangho and jianghu are terms intended to refer to the dark society in the world of murim and wulin. Where many forbidden things happen in it. Gangho and jianghu Can be regarded as underground, outlaw, dark community in the world of martial arts. Whose inhabitants legalize all means to obtain his goal.
Usually the gangho and jianghu worlds are inhabited by unorthodox clans, sects, schools, and groups. Where the law of the jungle applies. Where the strong rule and the weak are oppressed, regardless of the means used. The rules in gangho and jianghu are very strict and beyond normal limits. Not as complex and elegant as murim / wulin community. Who upholds the values of humanity, justice, kindness, etc. in leadership.
That is the meaning and difference between murim, wulin, gangho, and jianghu.
